内蒙古自治区太阳总辐射的气候学计算及其时空分布特征

The climatological calculation of global solar radiation and its temporal and spatial distribution in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

通过对比分析国内外太阳总辐射的气候学计算方法,给出内蒙古自治区太阳总辐射最佳计算公式。根据内蒙古自治区及周边地区24个太阳辐射观测站历年各月的总辐射和日照百分率,采用最小二乘法拟合出公式中的经验系数,并在分区基础上通过内插将a、b系数推广到内蒙古自治区108个气象站点上,从而建立了内蒙古自治区太阳总辐射计算模型。结果表明:内蒙古自治区太阳总辐射年际变化总体呈下降趋势,但不显著,而且不同区域的减小速率差异明显。年变化则表现为单峰型变化趋势,以5月辐射量最大,6月和7月次之,12月最小。全年和各月总辐射的空间分布形态一致,总的分布趋势由东北向西南逐渐递增。全区年总辐射为4633—6616 MJ·m-2之间,太阳能资源丰富程度均在丰富级别以上,而且大部分地区属于资源最丰富区和很丰富区,太阳能开发利用潜力巨大。

By analyzing and comparing climatological calculation methods of global solar radiation at home and a- broad, an optimal calculation formula was identified and then used in Inner Mongolia. In accordance with monthly global solar radiation and percentage of sunshine at 24 solar radiation observation stations in Inner Mongolia and its surrounding areas, experiential coefficients in the formula were fitted in terms of least square method. An interpola- tion method of IDW was then used to extend these coefficients to 108 weather stations. Finally, a global solar radia- tion calculation model was established for Inner Mongolia. The calculating results from this model show that the annual global solar radiation is in a decreasing trend from 1978 to 2010, while it is not significant and the decrea- sing rates in different regions differ obviously. The highest value of global solar radiation occurs in May, then fol- lows in June and July, and the lowest value is in December. The monthly variation presents a single peak. The spa- tial distributions of monthly global solar radiation are consistent with that of annual global solar radiation, and both increase gradually from northeast to southwest of Inner Mongolia. The annual global solar radiation ranges from 4633 MJ.m-2 to 6616 MJ.m-2. The grade of solar energy resources in Inner Mongolia is abundance grade or a- bove it. The grades of solar energy resources fall in categories of the best abundance grade and better abundance grade in most areas of Inner Mongolia, so it has great potential for development and utilization of solar energy re- sources.