明中叶道德危机与王守仁哲学诉求

Moral Crises and Wang Shouren's Philosophical Proposition in Middle of Ming Dynasty

王阳明哲学是在明中叶官方意识形态程朱理学失灵、官场腐败渐滋、士风不端、社会出现深刻的道德危机背景下出现的。他的"知行合一""心即理""致良知"等命题意在救治人心痼疾,提升人生境界,促进士人道德自律以及社会良善风气的形成。在需要重新确立道德理性的时代,王阳明不仅建构了良知本体世界,高扬心灵主体,而且对存理去欲、净化人心设计了切实可行的修养方案。阳明哲学是对时代问题的坚强回应,只有从历史的场境着眼,才能深化阳明哲学的认识。

Wang Yangming＇s philosophy came into being in the middle of Ming Dynasty as opposed to moral crises like the failure of Cheng- Zhu＇s Neo - Confucianism, the worsening of official corruption, and miscon- duct of scholar -officials. His propositions of ＂the Unity of Knowledge and Action＂, ＂Mind Being Li（理）＂, ＂The Extension of Innate Knowledge（致良知）＂ were intended to eliminate the obstinate illness that had contaminated people＇s heart, extend life realm, urge the moral self - discipline in scholar - offieiats and to help promote a social atmosphere of virtue and goodness. In an era desperately m want of a re - establish- ment of morality, not only did Wang Yangming construct a world of conseienee as ontology with the spiritu- al subjectivity being highly reeommended, but also he devised a feasible design for cultivating one＇s morality by keeping reason while denying desire and purifying the inner mentality. Yangming＇s philosophy had proved to be a powerful eounteraction to the social problems of his time. Only by viewing it from a historical con- text can a deenened understanding of Yangming＇s philosphy be attained.