深圳市南山区居民健康状况及生活方式调查

Investigation of health status and lifestyles of the residents in Nanshan district,Shenzhen

目的了解深圳市南山区居民慢性非传染性疾病(下称慢性病)的流行状况及不健康的生活方式,以便有针对性地开展健康教育,促进居民健康知信行。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,通过问卷调查、体检和实验室检查对南山区75户231位居民进行流行病学检查。结果南山区居民高血压患病率为13.8%,男女居民患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),18岁以上居民患病率达14.6%。成人糖尿病和血脂异常患病率分别为10.1%和35.4%。7.8%的居民营养不良,超重比例为30.3%,肥胖比例为7.4%,中心性肥胖率为27.3%,且男性中心性肥胖发生率明显高于女性(P<0.01)。成年男性吸烟率为21.6%;居民饮酒率为62.7%(以葡萄酒为主)。闲暇时参加锻炼者占50.2%,平均每天中强度锻炼时间近1 h。结论南山区居民高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、肥胖患病率高,不健康的生活方式如吸烟、缺乏体育锻炼等仍可能是造成南山区居民慢性病高发的主要原因,应加强居民健康教育,降低慢性病的发生率。

Objective To explore the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases （NCD） and unhealthy lifestyles of the residents in Nanshan district of Shenzhen, and carry out health education, promote the knowledge, attitude and practice of healthy life style. Method With stratified random sampling, 231 residents in 75 families were surveyed by interviews, physical examination and laboratory examination. Results The prevalence rate of hypertension in Nanshan district was 13.8%, and had significance gender difference （P〈0.05）. The prevalence rate of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia were 14.6%, 10.1% and 35.4%,respectively in residents age 18 and older.Malnutrition,overweight,obesity and central obesity were 7.8%, 30.3%,7.4% and 27.3%,respectively, and male was more likely to happen central obesity than female （P〈 0.01）. Besides, the smoking rate of male adult was 21.6%. 62.7% of residents drank, and mainly drank wine. 50.2% of residents did exercise in spare time, and the average time of medium intensity exercise was nearly one hour every day. Conclusions The prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and obesity were high in Nanshan district. Some unhealthy lifestyles such as smoking and lack of physical exercise may be the major reasons that lead to high- incidence of NCD, and we need to strengthen health education of residents to lower the incidence of NCD.