民族地区城镇贫困动态演化与经济增长益贫性研究

Dynamic Evolution of Urban Poverty and Economic Pro-poorness in Ethnic Area

本文利用FGT贫困指数对2000—2011年民族地区城镇绝对贫困和相对贫困进行了测度,分析了民族地区城镇贫困的动态演化特征。并利用减贫的收入、分配弹性以及贫困指数的Shapley分解,研究了民族地区经济增长益贫性问题。结果表明,民族地区城镇绝对贫困持续缓解,但受收入分配格局变化的影响,相对贫困问题开始凸显。经济增长的减贫效率体现出较为显著的阶段性和外部冲击敏感性。在制定和实施同质性减贫政策的同时,应该凸显贫困人口内部的异质性。同时,构建对本地城镇贫困人口更为包容和稳健的经济发展方式是未来民族地区实现城镇减贫的关键。

We measure urban absolute and comparative poverty of ethnic area in 2000-2011 using FGT poverty indices. Based on the poverty measurement, we analyze the character of urban poverty dynamic evolution. We also use poverty elastic and Shapley decomposition to study the pro-poorness of ethnic area＇s economy. It shows that：the absolute urban poverty in ethnic area is reducing consistently. However, the comparative poverty is emerging now due to income distribution. The poverty re- duction effective is different in each period which is also very sensitive to external impulse. So, we should realize the hetero- geneity among poor people when we use homogeneity policy to achieve poverty reduction. Meanwhile, a more robust and in- clusive economic development pattern is very important for ethnic area to poverty reduction.