新疆车尔臣河及其水资源利用研究

The Qarqan River in Xinjiang and Its Water Resources Utilization

车尔臣河是塔里木盆地东南部最大的一条河流,主要依靠雪冰融水和地下水补给。上游山区由于有库木库里盆地和吐拉盆地对径流的调节,水量各季节变化比较平稳,特别是春季占全年径流量的29%,是新疆春季径流所占比例最大的河流之一,春灌基本不缺水。农业灌溉和生态用水各占水资源总量的一半。绿洲虽不断扩大,但中游地下水位仍较高,植被未发生明显退化,同时还向台特玛湖输送一定水量。因此,对车尔臣河水资源利用应保持原生态状况,不宜人工修建大型水利工程。由于车尔臣河出山口有巨大的洪积冲积扇,渗漏量占出山口径流量约30%,是一个比较理想的天然地下水库,所以今后经济发展用水应以开发地下水为主。

The Qarqin River is the largest river in the southeast Tarim Basin, and it is mainly fed by glacier-snow melt water and groundwater. Because of the regulation of the Kumukuli Basin and Tula Basin to runoff from the mountainous region in the upper reaches of the Qarqin River, the change of seasonal runoff volume was stable, the proportion of runoff volume of the Qarqin River in spring was as high as 29% of the total annual runoff volume, and the Qarqan River was one of the rivers with the highest proportion of spring runoff volume in Xinjiang. Such situa- tion reveals that there is basically no shortage of farming irrigation water in the study area in spring. The proportions of farming irrigation water and water consumption for ecology were almost 50% of the total volume of water re- sources. There were no the large water conservancy projects along the Qarqan River yet. Groundwater level in the study area was still high and an obvious vegetation degeneration had not occurred yet although the oases were con- tinuously expended in the past. Oasis expansion consumed large volume of water, and a certain volume of water had to be transferred from the Qarqan River to the Taitema Lake in recent few years. Therefore, large water conservancy projects should not be built along the Qarqan River so as to keep the original utilization pattern of water resources. Moreover, the 50% proportions of farming irrigation water and water consumption for the ecology should be continu- ously maintained. The study area is an ideal natural groundwater reservoir, because there was a huge pluvial-alluvi- al fan in the debouchure area of the Qarqan River, and the leakage accounted for 30% of the runoff volume. There- fore, the water consumption for the economic development in the future should be dominated by groundwater.