气候变化与人类活动对包头市地下水位的影响

Influence of Climate Change and Human Activities on Groundwater Level in Baotou City

为了进一步缓解包头市地下水超采的严重形势,促进地下水资源的可持续开发利用,对气候变化和人类活动影响下地下水位的响应进行研究。研究表明:丰沛的降雨量缓解了包头市地下水位的下降;而在枯水年情景中,在哈德门沟中前部、昆都仑河中部、黄河冲积平原农业灌溉区等地出现多个较大面积的降落漏斗。在人类活动干扰下,对潜水位影响最大的是毛灌溉需水量,其次是生活取水量和万元工业产值取水量;而在承压水位变化中,影响最大的是生活取水量,其次是毛灌溉需水量和万元工业产值取水量。气候变化与人类活动干扰不同情景下的耦合模拟结果表明,无论是丰水年还是枯水年,由降雨变化导致的补给项改变对地下水位降幅变化影响非常大,在降水较少时,人类开采活动对地下水位的干扰愈加明显。

In order to relieve the serious situation of excessive exploitation and improve the sustainable utilization of groundwater resources in Baotou City, the research about the influence of climate change and human activities on groundwater level was put into practice. The results revealed that the plenty rainfall reduced the drawdown speed of groundwater level, and in dry years, many large drawdown cones occurred in the central and southern areas of Ha- demen Valley, central Kundulun River Valley, irrigated area in alluvial plain of the Yellow River, etc. Compared all the human activities related to groundwater level, it was considered that the impact of total water consumption for irrigation on groundwater level in unconfined aquifer was the most serious, and then that of urban water consump- tion and industrial water consumption. On the other hand, the impact of urban water consumption on groundwater level in confined aquifer was the most serious, and then that of total water consumption for irrigation and industrial water consumption. Considering the influence of climate change and human activities on groundwater level, it was considered that the influence of rainfall variation on groundwater level was the highest, because more groundwater was exploited in dry years.