山西植被空间格局及演替

Spatial Patterns and Successions of Vegetation in Shanxi

在ArcGIS软件中采集1984年和2005年山西植被类型的图形,得到山西群系、森林、灌丛、草本植被及栽培植被的图形及面积,用叠置分析和景观格局分析方法研究植被的空间分布及其演替、空间格局及其变化。森林在西南部相对集中分布,在西北角增加明显,它在山西植被中所占面积及比重都最小,最为破碎。油松林在山西森林中占优势,恢复森林主要是油松林、小叶杨林、辽东栎林。1984年灌丛的面积在植被中最大,所占比例也最高,超过50%,集中连片分布面积较大,但灌丛缩减迅速,主要在中南部,在山西植被中遭破坏最为严重。沙棘、虎榛子灌丛和黄栌、连翘灌丛对灌丛的影响最大。草本植被主要在北部减少,在中南部分散增加,更加破碎。白羊草草丛在山西草本植被中占优势,蒿、禾草草原和百里香、禾草草原变化最大。栽培植被明显增加,在植被中所占比重急剧增加,成为山西优势植被。森林、栽培植被分别增加24.3%、71.5%,而灌丛、草本植被却分别减少70.3%,15.6%,演替主要是人为因素造成的。

Shanxi is located China＇ s inner province and has a temperate continental monsoon climate. It is shaped like parallelogram, covers an area of 1.56 × 105 km^2. It has temperate vegetation, including broadleaf deciduous forest in central and southern Shanxi and steppe in northern Shanxi. Based on the vegetation map of Shanxi in 1984 and 2005, the map of formations was edited in ArcGIS software. Then range and area of each formation, forest, shrub, herbaceous vegetation and cultivated vegetation in Shanxi were got. Spatial distribution and its succession, spatial pattern and its change in vegetation were studied by the methods of overlay analysis and landscape pattern analysis. Forest was relatively concentrated in the southwest and significantly increased in the northwest corner. It was most dispersed distribution in the vegetation of Shanxi. Its area and proportion in vegetation were the lowest. Pinus tabulaeformis forest was dominant in forest. The reconstruction of forest depended mainly on P. tabulaeformis forest, Populus simonii forest and Quercus liaotungensis forest. Shrub in 1984 was the largest area, occupied the highest proportion in vegetation and more than 50%. It covered in contiguous area which was the biggest in vegetation. However, it decreased rapidly in central and southern Shanxi. Shrub was most seriously damaged in the vegetation of Shanxi. Hippophae rhamnoides, Ostryopsiz＂ davidiana shrub and Cotinus spp. , Forsythia suspensa shrub were the biggest influence on shrub. Herbaceous vegetation decreased mainly in northern Shanxi and increased in central and southern Shanxi. It was more dispersed than before. Bothriochloa ischaemum grassland was dominant and Artemisia spp. , grass steppe and Thymus mongolicus, grass steppe changed most obviously in herbaceous vegetation of Shanxi. Cultivated vegetation increased obviously. Its proportion in vegetation increased rapidly and became dominant in vegetation of Shanxi. Forest and cultivated vegetation increased 24.3% and 71.5% respectively, but shrub and herbaceous vegetation decreased 70.3% and 15.6% respectively. Succession was mainly caused by human being .