模拟高原训练对大鼠红细胞的影响及小麦肽的干预作用

Effect of Simulated Altitude Training and Wheat Peptide Intervention on Erythrocyte of Rats

目的:探讨模拟高原训练中低氧和运动训练对大鼠红细胞的作用及小麦肽的干预效果。方法:雄性SD大鼠50只随机分为正常对照组(C组,n=10)、高原对照组(HC组,n=10)、常氧训练组(E组,n=10)、高原训练组(HE组,n=10)和高原训练+小麦肽组(HEW组,n=10)5组。分别给予模拟海拔3000 m高度的低氧暴露或/和90 min无负重游泳训练,每次训练后HEW组按500 mg/kg体重剂量灌服新鲜配制的小麦肽溶液。9周后检测各组大鼠血常规,红细胞SOD和GSH-Px活性,MDA含量以及血清EPO含量,并在油镜下观察各组大鼠红细胞形态和红细胞畸形率。结果:(1)长期低氧暴露使大鼠RBC数量、Hb和HCT显著升高,血清EPO含量显著降低,但对大鼠血液红细胞畸形率、MDA含量和红细胞SOD、GSH-Px活性均无显著影响。运动训练对大鼠RBC数量、Hb、HCT、血清EPO、MDA含量和红细胞SOD、GSH-Px活性均无显著影响,显著升高血液红细胞畸形率。低氧和运动训练对RBC数量、Hb和HCT均无显著交互作用,对进一步升高血液MDA含量、红细胞畸形率,降低红细胞SOD和GSH-Px活性有显著交互作用。(2)与HE组相比,HEW组RBC数量、血清EPO含量和红细胞SOD活性显著增加。血液MDA含量和红细胞畸形率显著降低,而GSH-Px活性无显著变化。结论:(1)高原训练提高大鼠RBC数量、Hb和HCT,低氧因素起决定作用。(2)在低氧环境中进行运动训练使红细胞抗氧化作用降低,氧自由基生成增加,导致红细胞畸形率显著增多,影响高原训练效果。(3)小麦肽显著抑制高原训练大鼠氧自由基生成,对减轻高原训练大鼠RBC过氧化损伤,维持RBC正常形态结构和功能有重要作用。

Objective To explore the effect of hypoxie exercise and the interaction of wheat peptides on erythrocyte in rats. Methods 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group （C, n =10）, hypoxic control-group （HC, n =10）, normoxic exercise group （E, n =10）, hypoxic exercise group （HE, n =10）and hypoxic exercise plus wheat peptides administration group （HEW, n =10）. Hypoxic exposure（simulated altitude at 3000 meters）was applied to the rats in groups HC, HE, and HEW, and 90- minute unload swimming to the rats in groups E, HE and HEW. Wheat peptide solution （0.5 g/kg body weight）was administrated to the rats in group HEW after swimming. RBC, Hb, HCT, serum EPO and MDA, and erythrocyte SOD and GSH-Px activities were determined after 9 weeks of experiment. Results （1）RBC count, Hb concentration and HCT increased significantly, serum EPO content decreased significantly in groups HC, HE, and HEW, while there were no significant changes in erythrocytes morphology, serum MDA content, and the erythrocyte SOD and GSH-Px activities. The RBC count, Hb concentration, Hct, serum EPO and MDA content, erythrocyte SOD and GSH-Px activities remained unchanged in groups E, HE, and HEW, except the significantly increased erythrocytes deformity rate. （2）Compared with the group HE, RBC count, serum EPO content and erythrocyte SOD activity increased significantly, MDA content and erythrocytes de- formity rate decreased significantly in group HEW, while erythrocyte GSH-Px activity changed insignificant- ly. Conclusion （1） Altitude training could make RBC count, Hb concentration and Hct significantly increased, but in the hypoxia and exercise, hypoxia was the decisive factor. （2）In hypoxia condition, exercise training could depress the antioxidation of erythrocyte, increase the generation of oxygen free radicals, resulting in in- creased the rate of erythrocytes deformity, which depressed the roles of altitude training.