有限责任公司隐名出资人的股东资格确认探究

Analysis on Confirmation of the Shareholder's Qualification of Dormant Investors in Limited Liability Company

理论界关于隐名出资人股东身份的确认有实质要件说、形式要件说和区别对待说三种理论。隐名出资人要成为股东,必须符合投资目的正当、其他显名股东半数以上同意隐名人的投资、隐名行为没有违法、显名股东确实存在并且知情隐名投资事宜等四个条件。司法实践中具体确认隐名出资人股东身份时必须遵循保护善意第三人和制裁违法隐名的原则公正判决。

There are three theories regarding the confirmation of shareholder's qualification of dormant investors, namely, the substantial elements theory, the procedural elements theory and differential treatment theory. To become shareholders, dormant investors must satisfy four requirements: the investment objective should be legitimate; more than half of apparent shareholders agree the investment by the dormant investors; the dormant behaviors do not break the law; and the apparent shareholders do exist and are informed of the dormant investment. Judicial practice in specific confirmation of shareholder's qualification of dormant investor must follow the principle of protecting the third people acting in good faith and punishing illegitimate dormant behaviors.