论苏格拉底的不虔诚

On Socrates Impiety

在人与神的交流方式上,苏格拉底表现得对神无所求。"不信城邦的神"指的是不以传统方式接受城邦的神。对苏格拉底信仰的新的神灵——戴蒙——所做控告,原因不在于戴蒙的道德化,而在于戴蒙的私人化,以及在戴蒙和理性(反诘)的共同作用下,苏格拉底才能确定神灵以各种方式传达的真正意义。苏格拉底的哲学审查——诘问——始终与智慧问题密切相关。苏格拉底的"人的智慧"和"超人的智慧"的对比,彰显了苏格拉底对神灵的谦卑和虔诚。

In communicating with the gods, we see Socrates doesn＇t think it necessary to search help from gods. ＂Not believing the gods which are believed by the city＂ refers to Socrates＇ untraditional manner to accept the city＇s gods. The reason for accusing Socrates of believing in new god--his Daimonion--lies not in Daimonion is moralized by Socrates,but that it is Socrates＇ private god. And without the combination of his Daimonion and his reason, it is impossible for Socrates to make clear the real meanings that the gods send to him in various ways. In the Achilles analogy, Socrates makes himself a hemi - god.