良序的追寻与建构:孔子社会秩序思想探微

Pursuit and Construction of a Well-ordered Society:An Exploration of Confucian Ideas on Social Order

随着周王室的衰微,社会陷入了混乱状态之中。在孔子看来,现实的境遇与理想社会相去甚远,追其原因在于人心不古。因而对社会秩序的追寻首先必须从建构人心秩序开始:通过价值内省,让整个社会拥有"仁"的共识性价值规范导向;由此引导个人行为选择发生相应变化,君主选择施行圣人之治,内圣外王,以身载道,推行仁政,民众们则选择自觉遵循礼制,安分守己,照自身的社会角色行事;行为选择的改变最终促进社会良好秩序的形成。

With the decline of the Zhou rulers, the society was in chaos. In Confucius＇ view, current situation is far from his ideal harmonious society. He thought that the reason is the degeneration of public morality. Therefore, to pursue an orderly society should begin with the construction of the order in people＇ s mind. First, they should recon- struct one＇s value,to implant the ＂benevolence＂ values into human＇s minds, so that the whole society has a con- sensus. And under this guide, one＇ s behavior should be changed. The emperor will choose the rule sage and under the influence of this, people will choose the rite. As a result, an orderly society can be reconstructed.