以元为尚:《一笑散》文体及其宗元曲观

Yi Xiao San style and its traditional opera concept of “the worship of Yuan drama”

关于李开先《一笑散》的文体,明清以降多数著述皆以为是杂剧,但近现代有学者提出质疑,认为当视其为院本或者小令套数的自选集。实际上,杂剧体裁不断发展变化,明代既有谨遵元剧模式的杂剧,也有在折数、牌调、演唱等剧本形态上创新改制的杂剧。特别是在与传奇的比较语境中,短小成为杂剧的核心特征。然而,由于嘉隆时期,一折杂剧尚未盛行,李开先、王九思等人所制短剧与元剧之一本四折截然不同,其剧本的"院本"之称,意在以元剧为参照,是与元杂剧在体制上比较之后所取,此称名透露出"以元为尚"的戏曲观念。

As toYi Xiao San style of L/Kaixian, the writers in Ming and Qing dynesty thought that it was Zaju, but in modern times, some scholars raised a query, they believed that Yi Xiao San style is a personal anthology of Yuanben or Xiaoling sets. Actural- ly, Zaju style was developing constantly. There were not only Zaju that followed the Yuan Drama, but also Zaju that innovated and reconstructed the form of the script in the matter of Zhe Shu, Pai Diao, singing and so on. Short and small is the core character of Zaju especially when we compared it with legend. Howerver, during Jiajing period in Ming dynesty, Yi Zhe Zaju was not yet popular, the short plays written by Li Kaixian, Wang Jiusi and so on differed from Yuan drama of Yi Ben Si Zhe. After consulting Yuan drama and comparing with Zaju in the matter of system of organization, we called the short plays as Yuanben which revealed the traditional opera concept of ＂the worship of Yuan drama＂.