欧洲法律文明中的犹太因素

The Jewish Sources of European Law Civilization

法律文明是欧洲文明重要组成部分,其法律制度、思想等是欧洲人引以为豪的文明形式,对世界其他地区法律文明的发展所产生的影响广泛而深刻。它的发生和演进既与日耳曼因素有关,也与罗马、基督教因素有联。由于基督教与犹太教的关系和由于犹太人长期生活在欧洲,犹太因素也是欧洲法律文明发生与演进不可或缺的因素,是欧洲法律文明的来源之一,如犹太法是教会法的基础和渊源,犹太法在习惯法中也留下了印迹;欧洲的法治理念、信仰法律的思想与犹太法律思想存在一定的渊源关系;近代以来,犹太人为近现代欧洲法律的发展作出了重要贡献。

Law civilization is the important component of European Civilization, its legal system, legal thought etc are the civi- lized form which Europeans are proud of, which have a popular and immense effect on the rest laws of the world. The occurrence and evolution of European law civilization relate both the Germanic factors and Rome, Christian elements. Because of the relations of Christian and Judaism, and because of the Jews long - term living in Europe, Jewish factors also are an indispensable one of the oc- currence and evolution of European law civilization and are one of the important sources of the European law civilization, for example, Jewish law is the foundation and sources of European laws, Jewish law leave their tracks in the European custom law; The ideas of rule of law, the ideas of belief in law of European legal thoughts have a certain origin relation with the Jewish legal thoughts ; since modern times, The Jews have made an important contribution to the development of modem European law.