农民应对农村社会风险的问题治理——基于可行能力的分析视角

The Problem Governance on Farmers Response to Rural Social Risks—From the perspective of feasible capability

随着中国社会转型的进一步深化,农村基层的风险正在迅速形成。从可行能力的分析视角来看待我国的农村社会风险,可以发现其很重要的原因在于农民的可行能力匮乏,即改变自己状况和应对农村社会风险的能力相对不足。这主要表现在农民健康生存能力匮乏、农民自我发展能力匮乏和农民社会参与能力匮乏三个方面。在导致农民发展能力不足的原因中,有个人先天禀赋的影响,但更多的是政策因素。这种政策因素最明显的体现就是城乡二元分割的公共服务供给。为此,要实现对中国农村社会风险的良性治理,核心在于通过改善农村公共服务来加强农民的可行能力建设。

With the deepening of Chinese social transformation, the risk of rural grass-level has been forming rapidly. From the perspective of feasible capability theory, it can easily be found that rural social risk mainly results from farmers＇ lack of capability, namely the relatively poor ability to improve their living situation and respond to rural social risks. It is primarily due to the deficiency of farmers＇ health guarantee, self-development, and social participation. Many reasons lead to farmers＇ insufficient developmental ability, including the effect of innate endowment and policy factor. The latter one is the main cause that results in urban-rural split of public service provision. Therefore, if a virtuous China＇s rural social risk management is to be achieved, public services in rural areas must be improved to enhance the farmers＇ feasible capacity.