中国清代俄语教育与人才培养

Russian Education and Russian-based Personnel Training in the Qing Dynasty

中国俄语教育始于18世纪初,清代俄罗斯文馆的建立标志着它的开始。以后出现的京师同文馆及晚些时候的京师大学堂译学馆是其阶段性标志。这些俄语教育机构的变更同时也伴随着其培养体制和模式的演变。而这种演变体现在其起始背景、组织规模与形式、师资来源与任用、分布与布局、学生来源与录用、培养内容与目标等方面。回顾清代俄语教育历程与人才培养,厘清其优劣,探讨问题,有利于当今外语专业教育的改革与发展。

In China, the setup of the Russian School marked the beginning of Russian education in the early18th century in the Qing Dynasty. Many years later, the Imperial Tung Wen College of Peking and the Translation Department of Imperial University of Peking appeared. As these Russian education institutions changed, the Russian education system and mode changed and developed from the perspectives of the background, scale, form, teaching faculty employment, dis- tribution, students enrollment, training contents and goal, etc. Recalling the Russian education and personnel training is supposed to help realize its good and bad, probe the problems, therefore, benefiting the reform and development of foreign language education.