发达国家社会管理对中国的借鉴意义

The Reference of Social Management of Developed Countries to China

发达国家的社会管理,经过自由主义到国家干预主义再到新自由主义几个时期,国家的角色经历了从"守夜人"到"警察"再到"保姆"的演化。时至今日,发达国家的社会管理呈现出一些鲜明特点,在管理体制上强调小政府大社会,强调政府扮演管理者和服务者的角色,注重完善社会管理的法律制度,注重公民和社会团体的参与,重视社区发展等。发达国家的社会管理理念经历了从社会控制思想到社会规管思想再到社会管理理论的演变,形成了风险社会、社会治理、公民社会、社会公正、社会福利、社会整合、社会冲突、社会团结、政策网络、社会资本等十大理论。发达国家社会管理对当今中国具有重要的借鉴意义,主要表现为:强调服务为先、民生为重的理念,着力发展社会事业;注重改革收入分配,促进社会公正;积极发展社会组织,调动民众主动参与社区事务,形成现代社会管理体制。

Social managenlent of the developed countries goes through several periods, that is from liber- alism to state interventionism and then neo-liberalism. The roles played by the state evolved from ＂night watchman＂ to ＂police＂ and then ＂nanny＂. At present, social managenlent of developed countries displays some distinct characteristics, emphasizing small government and big society in managenlent system and the role of managers and service played by the government, paying attention to improve the legal system of social nlanagement, the participation of citizens and social groups, emphasis on community development, and so on. Management concepts go thought the evolution of control thought, ideology of social regulation and social man- agement theory in developed countries, including ten theories such as risk society, social governance, civil so- ciety, social justice, social welfare, social integration, social conflict, social solidarity, policy network, social capital. Social management of developed countries indeed has reference to contemporary china, that is： ser- vice first, people foremost, people＇s livelihood first, development of social undertakings; reform of income dis- tribution, promotion of social justice; developing positively social organizations, mobilizing the people to par- ticipate in community affairs, and then form a pattern of modern social management system.