海洋文化及其特征的识别与考辨

An Investigation and Analysis on Ocean Culture and Its Characteristics

目前,海洋文化一词时常出现于学术话语体系中,并成为包括海洋社会学在内的海洋人文社会科学的重要学术名词。但是,学术界有关海洋文化的研究存在三个缺陷,由此导致对海洋文化认识和理解方面的错位。一是将海洋文化理解为"海洋"与"文化"的二元相加,忽视了海洋文化的整体性。二是海洋文化概念界定过于宽泛,存在大而不当的缺陷,无法反映出海洋文化的起源与本质。三是海洋文化特征研究不够严谨。海洋文化源于人类的海洋开发实践活动,有其自身的形成背景、发展历史和基本特征。海洋文化并不具有慕利性、商业性、民主性、法制性等特征,其基本特征是社会性、涉海性、习得性、地域性、整合性和共享性。中国是海洋文化的重要发祥地,学术界需要秉持文化自觉意识,深化海洋文化研究,并以此推进"文化强国"与"海洋强国"建设。

In recent years, the word ocean culture appears frequently in academic discourse system and proves to be an important academic term in ocean humanities and social sciences, including ocean sociology. However, there are three main defects resulting dislocation in the understanding of ocean culture. Firstly, the addition principle of ＂ocean ＋ culture＂ ignores its integrity. Secondly, the definition of ocean culture is gran- diose but impractical, couldn＇t reflect the origin and nature of ocean culture. Thirdly, the characteristics research of marine culture is not strict enough. Ocean culture is rooted in human ocean exploitation practice, having its own forming background, development history and basic characteristics. In fact, it doesn＇t have the profitable, commercial, democratic and legal characteristics; its basic characteristics are social, ocean, acqui- sition, regional, integration and sharing. As an important birthplace of ocean culture, academic circle should uphold the cultural consciousness to deepen the study of ocean culture, and promote the construction of pow- erful country in culture and a strong ocean country.