基于平流层特殊风场的浮空器定点方案研究

Research on Fixed-Point Aerostat Based on Its Special Stratosphere Wind Field

平流层飞艇为了实现定点控制需要较大的能源消耗。借鉴平流层卫星的轨迹控制思想,基于平流层底部"准零风层"这一特殊风场特性,提出一种新型的平流层浮空器定点部署方案。通过对运行环境风场的统计分析,给出系统总体结构和工作原理:通过控制轨迹控制器姿态调整浮空气球高度,利用准零风层上下区域纬向风反向的特点实现东西方向控制;利用轨迹控制器产生经向控制力,通过系绳拖动气球实现南北方向控制。建立了浮空气球和轨迹控制器的动力学模型,提出了"质量集中-轻质刚杆"的系绳建模方法,完成了控制系统总体方案设计,并进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明:利用平流层底部特殊风场特性的定点浮空气球,能够实现特定区域上空的定点驻留和机动飞行。

In order to achieve the position control, the stratospheric airship requires a large amount of energy consumption. Starting from the trajectory control idea of stratospheric satellites of U.S. Global Aerospace Company, We propose a new fixed-point deployment scheme for stratospheric aerostat based on the special wind field characteris- tics of bottom stratospheric quasi-zero wind layer. Through the statistical analysis of the operating wind field environ- ment, the overall system structure and working principles are given ： tuning the trajectory controller to realize the at- titude adjustment of floating balloon, using the reverse characteristics of the up/down zone of quasi-zero wind layer to achieve east-west direction control; utilizing trajectory controller to generate the control force, dragging the bal- loon via tether to achieve north-south direction control. Dynamics model of the floating balloon and trajectory con- troller is buih, and the tether is modeled by means of ＂lumped mass-lightweight rigid rod＂. In addition, the overall scheme of the control system is designed for further verification. Simulation results indicate that： the floating bal- loon, implemented through utilizing the special wind field characteristics of the bottom stratosphere, has the capability of fixed-point residence and maneuver flight within certain area.