设施西瓜不同品种泌蜜量和花粉萌发特性的研究

Study on the Nectar Content and Pollen Germination Characteristics of Different Watermelon Cultivars Under Protected Cultivation

以18个设施栽培的西瓜品种为试材，对影响蜜蜂授粉效果的雌花花蜜分泌量、泌蜜规律、雌花花冠直径、雄花花粉量、离体花粉萌发率和花粉管长度进行了研究。结果表明：不同西瓜品种在花蜜含量、花冠直径、花粉数量、15℃条件下的花粉萌发率、花粉管长度上差异显著，而在25℃下花粉萌发率上无显著差异；在雌花开花当天7：00-17：00内，花蜜量随时间推移，其分泌速率受温度影响，表现出双S曲线变化趋势；比较不同品种在泌蜜量、花粉量、花粉萌发率、花粉管长度等性状方面的表现，“早佳（8424）”、“京欣一号”、“京欣三号”、“小玉五号”、“小玉八号”西瓜综合表现较好，可以考虑作为西瓜蜜蜂授粉的重要品种。

Using 18 watermelon cultivars that are suitable for protected cultivation as materials, the parameters （the content of nectar, nectar secretion, corolla diameter, pollen amount, pollen germination rate and pollen tube length） related with honeybee pollination were investigated. The results showed that there were obvious differences among different eultivars in the nectar contents,corolla diameter, pollen numbers, pollen germination rate under 15℃ condition and pollen tube length, but there were no significant differences in the pollen germinmion rate under 25℃ condition. At the first day of flower, nectar contents increased with time between 7.00 and 17.00 and the nectar secretion was influenced by temperature, showing the double S curve change trend. Taken the nectar contents, corolla diameter, pollen numbers, pollen germination rate and pollen tube length among different watermelon cultivars together, ＇Zaojia（8424）＇, ＇Jingxin No. 1＇, ＇Jingxin No. 3＇, ＇Xiaoyu No. 5＇ and ＇ Xiaoyu No. 8＇ performed better, and could be considered as the important cultivars for honeybee pollination.