缺位、越位和本位：多元纠纷解决视野下的行政信访--以T市信访局为中心的考察

Seeking Proper Position:Petition in Perspective of Multiple Dispute Resolutions:Case Study of Petition System in T City

行政信访作为一种行政性纠纷解决机制,它在保障民意表达渠道的畅通,监督政府公权力,弥补正式救济制度的不足等方面具有重要作用。但正式救济路径的不畅和行政信访自身角色定位不当使其陷入无法终结的"信访大潮",引发更多社会问题。在倡导多元纠纷解决的背景下,如何改革行政信访制度,发挥其替代性的制度功能对正式救济制度的改革发展及社会稳定和谐都具有重要意义。本文通过对T市信访局的实地调研,对市级信访局受理的案件和治理机制展开分析,试图从多元纠纷解决的角度分析"信访洪峰"产生的原因。研究发现,目前大量不属于行政信访解决范围的纠纷涌向信访部门,而行政信访又无力解决如此多的问题,纠纷的拖延解决触发众多重复访、集体访、缠访、闹访等异常信访行为,给行政信访工作带来巨大压力。因此,要对行政信访进行合理的定位,分流信访案件,最终实现行政信访与其他正式救济制度协调配合,共同维护社会和谐稳定。

Petition system is a kind of adininistrative dispute resolution, which is very important in these as- peers： making a ehamlel for people to express opinion without obstacles, supervising power of government, and remedying shortage of judicial relief system. However, both shortages of judicial relief system and errors located in petition system make the latter fall into the endless ＂petition wave＂, which will trigger more social problems. From the perspective of prompting multiple dispute resolutions, the authors hltroduee working process and way of resolving disputes based on data collected from field work conducted in petition office in T city. Based on data and ease analysis, the authors argue that nowadays a large number of disputes are floekhlg into petition system, but petition office eamlot resolve so many disputes, which has triggered new social problems and brought more pressure to government. As a conclusion, the authors put forward that decision makers should give petition system a proper position and distribute its disputes to other dispute resolution eilamlels.