现代殡葬的转型与社会生态建设研究

On Transformation and Building the Social Ecology of Modern Funeral

现代殡葬的社会缺位问题值得关注。传统殡葬具有以下社会属性,包括社会集团的规模参与、家族组织与殡葬公共性和炫耀性、熟人社会中殡葬的伦理性、孝文化承载的殡葬的道德性。相对地,现代殡葬面临以下社会困境,包括参与的社会群体规模缩小、社区治理与殡葬私人化的矛盾、阶层分化遭遇殡葬消费非理性化、死亡的社会歧视与殡葬礼的形式化、死亡的社会排斥与死亡教育的缺失。传统殡葬社会属性的丧失使得现代殡葬的社会功能难以有效发挥。因此有必要建设现代殡葬的社会生态,构建殡葬服务的社区网络,组织殡葬利益群体,提供殡葬社会工作服务,彰显殡葬的社会功能,实现殡葬的社会转型。

It has been considered as a problem that social dimension of modem funeral service has been ignored. Firstly, there had been some social attributes due to traditional funeral activities in China, such as participation of the social group, public and conspicuous characteristics of funeral from clan, ethics of tradi- tional funeral and society, and filial morality. However, because of some social dilemmas for modem funeral, including smaller size of the social group participating in funeral activities, the conflict between community governance and personal funeral activities, non-rational funeral consumption in class differentiation, the for- mal funeral ritual from social discrimination of the death, and the lack of death education from social exclu- sion of death, social function of modem funeral activities can be rarely appeared. Therefore, in order to make the social function and transformation reasonable, it should be necessary to build the social ecology of mod- em funeral service, through structuring funeral service social network in community, building interest group to regulate the funeral consmnption, and providing funeral services with the method of the social work.