高精度低复杂度的无线定位新方法

New wireless positioning method with high accuracy and low complexity

针对高精度的无线定位算法普遍存在运算量较大的问题,提出了一种二维波束空间矩阵束算法进行波达时间(TOA)和波达方向(DOA)联合估计,能够以较低的复杂度准确定位目标。该算法先通过离散傅里叶变换(DFT)波束形成矩阵将阵元空间的接收数据复数矩阵变换成波束空间的降维实数矩阵,使得运算量大幅度降低;再通过奇异值分解和求矩阵对的广义特征值估计视距信号TOA和DOA,从而确定目标位置。Matlab仿真实验结果证明,这种定位方法的均方根误差最好达到0.4 m,运算量不到阵元空间对应算法的1/4,是一种高精度低复杂度的无线定位方法,尤其适用于资源有限的特殊环境(如战场、地震灾区、偏远山区等)中的无线网络定位。

In order to lower the computational burden of wireless positioning algorithm with high accuracy, this paper proposed a new 2D beamspace matrix pencil algorithm to jointly estimate Time-Of-Arrival （TOA） and Direction-Of-Arrival （DOA）, which can position target accurately with low complexity. This algorithm first transformed the complex data matrix into real and reduced dimensional matrix via Discrete Fourier Transform （DFT） matrix, which significantly reduced the computational burden; then estimated TOA and DOA of Line-of-Sight signal for positioning via singular value decomposition and solving generalized eigenvalues of matrix pencils. Matlab simulation results prove that this positioning method achieves Root Mean Square Error （RMSE） as small as 0.4 m with computation cost no more than 1/4 of corresponding algorithm in element space, which makes it a promising positioning method for resource limited environments like battlefield, earthquake- stricken area and rural places.