多肽抗生素研究进展

Progress in the study of peptide antibiotics

多肽抗生素是生物界中广泛存在的一类生物活性小肽 ,一般具有抗细菌或真菌的作用 ,有些还具有抗原虫、病毒或癌细胞的功能。按照化学结构的不同 ,多肽抗生素可分为5类 :①具有螺旋结构的线性多肽 ;②富含某种氨基酸的线性多肽 ;③含有一个二硫键的多肽 ;④含有两个或两个以上二硫键的多肽 ;⑤羊毛硫抗生素。根据作用机理的不同 ,多肽抗生素又可分为裂解细胞膜的裂解肽和非裂解肽。多肽抗生素已经开始用于医药、食品和植物抗病基因工程等方面 ,并且有着很大的发展潜力。

Peptide antibiotics are widespread in nature. Most of them have antibacterial or antifungi activity. Moreover, some of them have antiparasite, antiviral or antitumoral activity. According to the chemical structure, peptide antibiotics can be classified into 5 groups: ① linear, helical peptides; ② linear peptides without helix, with a high proportion of certain residues; ③ peptides with one disulfide bond; ④ peptides with two or more disulfide bonds; ⑤ lantibiotics. According to mechanism of action, they can be divided into lytic peptides and non lytic peptides. Peptide antibiotics have been used in medical, food industry and plant genetic engineering, and they have great potential in those fields.