国家强制与个人自由的交锋——19世纪后期英格兰反种痘运动

Combat on State Constraint and Individual Freedom:Anti-Vaccination Movement in the Late 19th Century of England

19世纪中叶英国强制种痘立法的出台强化了国家对医疗事务的管理并侵犯个人自由,导致英格兰反种痘派的兴起。反种痘派创建反种痘组织,发起反种痘运动,通过示威游行、宣传莱斯特方法、寻求议会支持等方式要求废除强制种痘,并取得初步成功。反种痘运动是19世纪末国家干预下集体利益与个人自由的博弈,展现出英格兰人"爱生命,更爱自由"的价值取向。

The introduction of compulsory management of the state on medical rise of the anti-vaccinationists in vaccination acts in the mid-19th century strengthened the affairs and violated individual freedom, which resulted to the England. After founding anti-vaccination organizations and launching anti-vaccination movement, Anti-vaccinationists asked for repeal Vaccination and then reached the initial success by homing demonstrations, of Compulsory publicizing the Leicester Method and lobbying parliamentary support etc. The anti-vaccination movement was the game playing between the collective goods under the state intervention and individual freedom in the late 19th century, which showed the English value orientation of ＂Love freedom more than love life＂.