美国介入南海问题的现状、动因及趋势

The Status, Motivation and Trend of the US Involvement into the South China Sea Issue

南海问题本是区域内有关声索国就岛屿主权归属和海域划分的争端,但随着美、日、印等区域外大国的介入,南海问题呈现国际化的趋势,争议议题也随之扩大。美国是对南海问题介入最深、影响最大的外部因素,它的介入对南海地区的地缘政治格局和秩序产生了重要影响,使得南海地区的地缘力量分布出现不利于中国的变化,加大了我国应对南海争端和解决南海问题的难度。美国介入南海问题主要是出于其亚太地缘战略的需要,基本目标是尽可能地阻止中国对这一战略区域的影响,含有遏制中国崛起和限制中国战略空间的意图。未来美国会持续关注和介入南海问题,但其介入将是有限度和有选择的。

The South China Sea issue is, in fact, a regional dispute over the sovereignty of some islands and marine demarcation by claimants. But with the involvement of such outside powers as the US, Japan and India, the issue tends to be internationalized and the dispute has become tenser. The US is the outside power that gets involved the deepest into and has the most influence over the issue. Its involvement has exerted significant impact on the geo-political pattern and order in the South China Sea, brought about changes in geo-political power distribution that is unfavorable to China and made it more difficult for China to resolve the dispute. The US involvement into the South China Sea issue is out of the needs of its geo-political strategy for the Asia-Pacific region, with an intention to contain China's growing influence over this strategically important region and China's rise, and compress China's strategic space. In the future, the US will continue to be concerned with and get involved into the South China Sea issue, but its involvement will be limited and selective.