国家政策对技术的导向——以德国硬式飞艇技术的兴衰为关照点

Orientation of the National Policy on Technology——With the Rise and Fall of the German Rigid Airship Technology as Reference

德国硬式飞艇技术曾经在20世纪的前40年代活跃于航空领域,并创造了一个"飞艇时代",但是这种兴盛并没有得以延续。文章在国家政策干预技术发展的框架下对其进行分析,认为德国政府推行的经济干预政策、制造的民族认同感、以及战争中作战方案的制定和教育模式的形成,对硬式飞艇技术的兴衰具有重要意义。

In the first 40 years of the twentieth century, German rigid airship technology had been prosperous in the field of aviation, called as ＂era of airship＂, but it was ended with a sudden stop by the order of Nazi government. In the article, the author analyses the effects of policy intervention on airship technical development and believes that national policy intervention, national identity sense making, war preparing, the education mode had great influence on the rise and fall of the rigid airship technology development in Germany. Based on this case study, several principles are laid out in order to improve the results of national policy intervention on technology research.