中山市临床医务人员预防接种知识知晓情况调查

Investigation on awareness rate of vaccination knowledge among clinical staff in Zhongshan City

目的了解中山市临床医务人员对预防接种知识的认知情况,为免疫规划工作提供科学依据。方法采用单纯随机抽样方法,随机抽取市、镇(区)两级医院共460名临床医务人员为对象,设计调查问卷开展调查,调查员经过统一培训。结果发出460份调查问卷,收回有效问卷450份,有效应答率97.83%。知道一类疫苗和二类疫苗品种的知晓率最低,分别为20.00%和14.44%。临床医生和护理人员主要通过报刊书籍获得相关知识(50.89%、45.03%),医技人员主要通过免费宣传资料获得(50.00%)。通过朋友或同事(χ2=12.494,P<0.05)和免费宣传资料(χ2=9.684,P<0.05)获得相关知识的差异有统计学意义;临床医生与护理(χ2=10.286,P<0.05)和医技(χ2=6.856,P<0.05)获得知识的差异有统计学意义。结论临床医务人员对预防接种相关知识知晓程度偏低及获得相关知识的途径欠规范。应通过改进或及时更新理论联系实际的宣传培训,全面提高临床医务人员对预防接种的认知情况,从而提高疫苗接种率。

[ Objective] To understand the awareness rate of vaccination knowledge among clinical staff in Zhongshan City, provide a scientific basis for immunization programme. [Methods] By using random sampling method, 460 medical workers were collected from city-level and town/ district-level hospitals. The investigation was conducted with self-designed questionnaire, and the unified training was performed among investigators before survey. [Results] 460 questionnaires were distributed and 450 valid questionnaires were returned, with the response rate of 97. 83 %. The awareness rates about the varieties of type A and type B vaccines were the lowest, which was 20. 00% and 14. 44 % respectively. The clinical doctors and nurses obtained knowledge from newspapers and books （50.89% and 45. 03% ） , while the technicians obtained knowledge through free publicity materials （50.00% ）. There were significant differences in obtaining knowledge through friends or colleagues （x2 = 12.494, P 〈 0. 05） and free publicity materials （x2 = 9. 684 ,P 〈 0. 05） among doctors, nurses and technicians . In the way of obtaining knowledge from friends or colleagues, the differences between clinical doctors and nurses （x2= 10. 286, P 〈 0. 05 ） , doctors and technicians （x2 = 6. 856, P 〈 0.05） were significant. [Conclusion] The awareness rate of vaccination knowledge among clinical staff is low, and the ways of obtaining knowledge are not standardized. It is necessary to improve and updated the propaganda and training, and comprehensively elevate the awareness rate of vaccination knowledge in clinical staff, to enhance the vaccination rates.