南（中国）海沉船打捞的理论基础与实践路径

Salvage of Sunken Ships in the South China Sea： Legal Basis and Practical Approach

南（中国）海（以下简称“南海”）地区埋藏着丰富的中外历代沉船遗存。但中国至今未进行任何实地打捞。南海沉船打捞的本质是主权问题。主权争端解决之前，沉船打捞将不可避免地受到限制，但仍具有可行性。目前，中国国内法仅确立了沉船打捞的基本框架，缺少可直接调整南海沉船打捞的规定。而国际法上的多边、双边文件可作为沉船打捞的规则基础，在此基础上通过合作．可探索南海沉船打捞的实践路径。南海沉船打捞若能付诸实施，将有助于中国国内法与国际法的协调，强化我国在南海争端中的权利主张。

In the South China Sea （SCS） are buried a great number of shipw- reck remains from ancient China as well as other countries, but no salvage operation has been undertaken of them by the Chinese authority so far. The salvage operation of sunken ships in the SCS is in essence an issue concerning State sovereignty. Pending settlement of sovereignty disputes, such salvage operations will inevitably meet with obstacles, but are still feasible in practice. Although only a basic framework has been established for salvage of sunken ships in the domestic legislations of China without detailed rules for salvage operations in the SCS, international multilateral and bilater- al instruments have nonetheless offered a legal basis, on which a practical approach for sunken ship salvage in the SCS may be explored. Salvage of sunken ships in the SCS, if successfully implemented, will help coordinate China＇s domestic law with in- ternational law and support China＇s claims in the SCS disputes.