群岛国概念和南（中国）海——《联合国海洋法公约》、国家实践及其启示

The Concept of Archipelagic State and the South China Sea： UNCLOS, State Practice and Implication

中国如何设定南沙群岛的基线以及其所主张海域的法律地位将直接决定将要被包括进其主权权利的水域中的航行制度。因此，与领土争端直接有关的国家以及外部国家为确保其最大利益，希望中国这些实践符合《联合国海洋法公约》（以下简称“《公约》”）。本文作者探讨《公约》第四部分中涉及的原则及其与大陆国家附属洋中群岛的关系，并据此建议群岛国实践的某些原则可以适用于南沙群岛，以平衡以下两种关系：一、沿岸国和该区域众多使用国的需要之间的关系；二、群岛国洋中群岛和大陆国家洋中群岛的权利之间的关系。

How China will designate its baselines from the Spratlys （Nansha Islands in Chinese） and define the legal status of its claimed maritime zones will di- rectly determine the navigation regimes in the waters to be included in its sovereign rights. Therefore countries directly involved in the territorial disputes as well as exter- nal countries are interested in making sure such practice is in line with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea （UNCLOS） to guarantee their maximum interests. The authors in this paper explore the principles of Part IV of UNCLOS and their relations with oceanic archipelagos belonging to continental States. By doing so they suggest that certain principles practiced by archipelagic States could be applied in the Spratlys in order to balance two relations： first, the need of coastal States and that of many user States in this region and second, the rights of oceanic islands of ar- chipelagic States and those of continental States.