直接免疫荧光法检测急性呼吸道感染病毒抗原的结果分析

Analysis of acute respiratory tract virus antigen detection result by direct immunofluorescence method

目的采用直接免疫荧光法检测急性呼吸道感染病毒抗原,为呼吸道病毒感染的早期诊断提供依据。方法采集256例急性呼吸道感染患者的鼻咽深部分泌物,采用直接免疫荧光法检测呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(ADV)、流感病毒A型(IVA)、流感病毒B型(IVB)以及副流感病毒1、2、3型(PIV1、2、3)7种常见呼吸道病毒抗原。结果在256例急性呼吸道感染患者中,呼吸道病毒阳性检出率为32.4%(83/256);在检出的呼吸道病毒中,呼吸道合胞病毒检率出最高69.9%(58/83),其次是副流感病毒10.8%(9/83);上呼吸道感染、毛细支气管炎、急性支气管炎、肺炎的病毒阳性率分别是53.3%(8/15)、52.9%(45/85)、11.3%(9/73)和27.6%(21/76);年龄越小,呼吸道病毒感染越高。结论 7种常见呼吸道病毒中RSV是引起呼吸道感染的主要病毒;上呼吸道感染和毛细支气管炎患者病毒阳性率在50%以上,病毒随年龄增加感染下降,临床上治疗应注意合理用药。

Objective To detect acute respiratory tract virus antigen by direct immunofluorescence method, and provide basis for early diagnosis of respiratory virus infection. Methods Nasopharyngeal secretion samples were collected from 256 cases of acute respiratory tract infection to detect 7 kinds of common respiratory virus antigen by direct immunofluoreseenee assay, they were respiratory syneytial virus（ RSV）, adenovirus （ ADV）, influenza virus type A （ IVA）, influenza virus type B （IVB） and parainfluenza virus 1, 2, 3 （ PIV1,2, 3 ）. Results In 256 cases with acute respiratory virus infection, the positive rate of re- spiratory tract virus was 32.4% （83/256）. In the detected respiratory virus, syneytial virus had the highest positive rate, ac- counting for 69.9% （58/83）, followed by parainfluenza virus （ 10.8%, 9/83 ）. While the infection rates of the upper respira- tory tract virus, capillary bronchitis, acute bronchitis, pneumonia virus were 53.3% （8/15）, 52. 9% （45/85）, 11.3% （9/73） and 27.6% （21/76） respectively. The respiratory tract virus infection rate was negatively correlated with age. Conclu- sion Respiratory syncytial virus was dominant to cause respiratory tract infection in the 7 kinds of common respiratory viruses. The virus positive rates were more than 50% in patients with upper respiratory tract infection and capillary bronchitis. Respirato- ry tract virus infection decreased with the age growth, and the clinical treatment should pay attention to the rational use of drugs.