南京市中小学生体育活动的状况与参与动机

Sports activities situation and participation motives in physical activities for primary and middle school students in Nanjing City

目的对南京市中小学生的身体活动量和运动参与动机进行调查分析,为提高儿童青少年身体体质水平和健康水平提供理论依据。方法采用问卷调查法对南京市中小学生运动量和参与动机进行调查,并对数据进行数理统计。结果男女生参与体育动机多元方差分析(MANOVA)检验差异性显著(Wilks'Λ=0.87,P<0.01,η2=0.05),除了"正向情绪和友谊",男生在各项动机类别方面都显著高于女生。不同年级在6类动机上都存在显著性差异[Wilks'Λ=0.69,F(39,14 211)=18.90,P<0.01,η2=0.03];低年级的儿童最主要参与动机类别是"正向情绪和友谊",初中后则主要是"健身和技能促进";结论健康和知觉有关的体育参与动机是最重要的,且参与动机和身体活动量随着性別和年龄的变化而改变。

[ Objective] To investigate the sports motivation and activity amount of primary and middle school students in Nanjing City, and provide theoretical basis for improving the physical fitness level and health of children and adolescents. [ Methods ] Ques- tionnaire survey was adopted to investigate the sports motivation and activity amount of primary and middle school students in Nan- jing City, and the results were analyzed statistically. [ Results ] MANOVA test results showed that the sports motivation was signifi- candy different between boys and girls （ Wilk＇s∧= 0.87,P 〈 0 . 01,η^ = 0. 05 ）. Except for＂active mood and friendship＂boys are higher than girls in various kinds of motivation. The students of different grades were significantly different in 6 kinds of motivation （Wilk＇s∧ = 0.69,F（39, 14 211） = 18.90,P〈0.01,η^ =0 . 03）. The reason to participate in sports was＂active mood and friendship＂ among low-grade children and ＂health and skill＂ among high-grade children. [ Conclusion] Health and perceived moti-vation for participating in sport is the most important, motivation and activity amount chanzes with axe and gender.