木本植物航天诱变育种研究进展

Research Progress on the Space- flight Mutation Breeding of Woodyplant

简要介绍了航天诱变育种的概念、特点、诱变效应以及国内外木本植物航天诱变育种的研究进展。与农作物相比,尽管我国木本植物航天诱变育种起步较晚,但是发展迅速,目前有大青杨等20多种林木、牡丹等50多种花卉进行了卫星或高空气球搭载试验,并取得了一定的成绩,对于航天育种技术在木本植物上的应用具有非常深远的意义。同时,文中从利用木本植物无性繁殖特点、加强航天诱变机理研究、加强航天诱变新品种筛选与培育和加强观赏特殊变异类型选择4个方面进行了前景展望,认为航天诱变育种有望成为木本植物遗传育种的一条有效途径。

The space-flight mutation breeding conception, characteristics, mutagenic effects, research progress at home and abroad in woody plant were reviewed in this paper. Compared with crops, although the research of the woody plants space-flight mutation breeding in China started later, but it has developed rapidly and has gotten certain achievement . Now the satellite and high-altitude balloon experiment were conducted with over 20 tree species such as Populus ussuriensis and 50 flower species such as Paeonia suffruticosa. The above work will has profound significance for space- flight breeding technology application on woody plants. In the end, this thesis analyzes the prospect in the future from four aspects such as using woody plants asexual reproduction characteristic, strengthening the space mutation mechanism study , enhancing new space mutation varieties screen and strengthening ornamental specific types selection. This thesis also thinks that the space mutation breeding is expected to become an effective way in woody plant genetic breeding.