加味玉屏风散与流感疫苗预防流感的黏膜免疫效应与机制研究

Study on immune mechanisms of modified jade-screen powder mixture and influenza vaccine for preventing influenza

目的研究维生素C(Vit C)玉屏风散合剂和流感疫苗预防流感的免疫效应和机制,探索中西医结合预防流行性感冒的优化方案。方法选取BALB/c小鼠36只,随机分为对照组、Vit C玉屏风散组和流感疫苗组,分别给予Vit C玉屏风散合剂连续灌胃14 d,流感病毒亚单位疫苗肌肉注射免疫小鼠,而对照组不做任何处理,模仿人体生理状态;上述动物连续喂养14 d后取血清、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和肠灌洗液;ELISA法检测肺肠灌洗液中SIgA和IgG的含量,以及外周血Th1细胞因子(IL-2、IFN-γ和TNF-α)和Th2细胞因子(IL-4、IL-6和TGF-β)含量。结果 VitC玉屏风散上调支气管肺泡灌洗液SIgA和IgG水平(SIgA:t=1.68,P>0.05;IgG:t=-0.85,P>0.05),对血液Th1和Th2细胞因子水平无显著影响(t分别为0.51、0.58、1.55、1.51、0.72和1.21;P均>0.05),细胞因子呈Th1优势反应(Th1/Th2=1.19);流感疫苗上调血液中和IgG抗体水平(Z=0.20,P>0.05),上调血液IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6和TGF-β水平(t分别为1.78、0.95、2.05和0.71;P均>0.05)可显著提高血液IL-2和IL-4水平(t分别为2.53和2.29;P均<0.05),且Th1漂移更加明显(Th1/Th2=1.35)。结论 VitC玉屏风散可直接激活黏膜免疫防御机制,促进呼吸道保护性抗体SIgA和IgG的形成,抵御病毒入侵;流感疫苗主要激活系统免疫,上调系统免疫水平,对入侵体内的流感病毒发挥细胞免疫和体液免疫作用。二者可以优势互补,通过不同的机制在防治流行性感冒的不同阶段发挥作用。

Objective To study on the immune effect and mechanism of vitamin C （Vit C） jade-screen powder mixture and influenza vaccine, and to explore an optimal integrativ scheme for the prevention of influenza. Methods Total of 36 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, Vit C jade-screen powder group which receiving Vit C jade-screen powder daily for 14 days, and the influenza vaccine group which given a single intramuscular injection of influenza virus vaccine. The levels of SIgA and IgG in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and intestinal lavage, the levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Results Compared with the control group, the levels of respiratory mucosal protection antibodies, SIgA and IgG were slightly increased in group treated with Vit C jade-screen powder （SIgA： t = 1.68, P 〉 0.05; IgG： t = 0.85, P 〉 0.05）, with no effects on the levels of Th1 or Th2 cytokines in serum. The cytokines exhibited a Th1-dominant reaction （Th1/Th2= 1.19）. The influenza vaccine significantly increased the levels of IgG （Z = 0.20, P 0.05; IL-2： t = 2.53; IL-4： t = 2.29; P 〈 0.05）. The drift of Th1 cytokines was more substantial （Th1/Th2 = 1.35） than that in the Vit C jade-screen powder treatment. Conclusions Vit C jade-screen powder directly activates the respiratory mucosal immune mechanism, elevates the levels of protective antibodies SIgA and IgG for defense against viral invasion, influenza vaccine can activate the systemic immune system against invased virus. They can complement each other through different mechanisms in different stages for the prevention of influenza.