夫妻分居后的共同债务认定问题实证研究

An Empirical Research on the Joint Debt after Couples Separated

对于夫妻分居期间一方所借债务能否认定为共同债务问题,婚姻法第四十一条、司法解释(二)第二十四条确立了"共同生活"和"婚姻关系存续期间"的不同标准。对司法实践中法官的标准适用、举证责任等处理方式分析表明,大多数法官采用共同生活这一实质标准。在夫妻双方分居时,夫妻一方的债务原则上应当推定为一方的个人债务,除非第三人能证明有合理理由信赖这一债务属于一般家事代理范围,或者举债人配偶不能举证债务利益并未用于共同生活。

For separated couples, on whether the debt that one party borrowed during their separation is deemed joint debt problems, Article 41 of the Marriage Law, and Article 24 of the Judicial Interpretation 2 issued by the Supreme People＇ s Court took the different standards of ＂bed and board＂ and ＂existence period of legal marriage＂. An analysis on the standard application, and the burden of proof exercised by judges in the judicial practice shows that most judges adopt the actual standard of ＂bed and board＂. When the couple separated, in principle, the debt of one party of the couple shall be presumed to be a personal debt of that party, unless a third party shows reasonable reasons to prove that this debt falls within the range of general housework agent, or the other party of the couple could not proof that the debt was not used for ＂living together＂.