通过实用性社会性别需要实现战略性社会性别需要——论中国妇女发展实践中的理论与策略

To Achieve the Strategic Gender Needs Based on Practical Gender Needs: Theory and Strategy in the Practice of Chinese Women's Development

摩塞的社会性别分析框架来源于第三世界国家的发展与实践,该框架旨在通过实用性社会性别需要来实现战略性社会性别需要,其发展计划既扎根于妇女的实际需要,又时刻被战略性社会性别需要所指导。中国的国情与第三世界国家具有很多相似性,中国妇女的实用性社会性别需要很难被表达,而战略性社会性别需要又容易被忽视,因此该框架对中国妇女的发展实践具有指导意义。根据中国有关妇女培训和小额信贷的发展实践,在应用该框架时应注意三点:发展实践要具有社会性别意识;在进行需求调查时,一定要让妇女拥有话语权;必须从满足妇女的实用性需要入手来吸引她们参与发展实践,从而解决问题。

Moser＇s gender analysis framework comes from the development and practices of developing countries, which aims to implement strategic gender needs by meeting practical social gender needs. It addresses the actual needs of women in its development plan, and always keeps the development practices under the guidelines of strategic gender needs. China＇s domestic situation and those of developing countries share many similarities; the practical social gender needs of the Chinese women are difficult to express, and the strategic gender needs can be easily overlooked. So the framework can act as a guide to Chinese women＇s development. By connecting Chinese women＇s training and the development of mierofinance, we suggest that when using this framework in the women＇ s development practice in China, three points should be paid attention to： 1） gender mainstreaming should be put into the development practice; 2） ensure that women have a voice when investigating women＇s needs ; and 3） in order to help women and encourage them to participate in development, the plan must start by meeting women＇ s practical needs.