西方主要国家临终关怀的特点及启示

Characteristics and Enlightenments of Hospice Care in Major Western Countries

临终关怀在西方主要国家获得了较大发展,呈现出政府重视,民众参与程度高,服务机构规模大,服务模式多样化等特点,通过对美国、澳大利亚、英国、日本等国家临终关怀发展中政府支持、民众参与程度、临终关怀服务机构、服务模式、服务内容、从业人员等的分析,提出了通过健全和完善我国社会医疗保障体系,多途径开展死亡教育,引导民众树立科学的死亡观,积极探索适合我国国情的临终关怀模式,通过加强临终关怀从业人员的专业化教育,提升从业人员素质等措施推进我国临终关怀事业发展,西方主要国家临终关怀的做法,对加快我国临终关怀事业的发展具有重要的启示意义。

Hospice care has obtained considerable development in major western countries and it has presented several characteristics, such as government attaches great importance to and a high degree of public participation, large hospice services scale and diversification of service pattern. Based on the analysis of government support, public participation, hospice services, service pattern, service content, practitioners in the course of hospice development in some major western countries such as the United States, Australia, Britain, Japan, this paper suggests how to perfect the social medical security system in China, proper ways to carry out the death education, how to guide people to establish a scientific view of death. This paper also explores how to establish a hospice care pattern suitable for China by specializing hospice care practitioners specialized education, improving staff quality and other measures to promote the hospice care in China.