丙型肝炎病毒核心抗原检测技术及其临床意义

Hepatitis C Virus core antigen detection technologies and clinical utility

丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染是在世界范围内引起输血后肝炎的主要病因之一。目前中国HCV感染的诊断和筛查主要采用基于酶免疫分析法(EIA)的HCV抗体检测技术,但该方法存在较长的窗口期,残余风险高。核酸检测(NAT)的应用可显著缩短窗口期,但成本高昂。HCV核心抗原(HCVcAg)作为HCV感染的标志几乎与核糖核酸(RNA)同时出现,且浓度呈现动态相关,可用于HCV感染的检测。与NAT相比,HCV核心抗原的检测成本相对较低,对实验室条件要求不高。目前多种基于不同方法的HCVcAg检测试剂盒已投入市场。该文对已有的几种HCV核心抗原检测技术在其原理、检测效果以及临床意义等方面进行综述。

Hepalitis （2 virus （HCV） is a major cause of transfusion hepatitis throughout the world. Anti HCV antibody detection based on EIA assays applying for clinical diagnosis and blood screening in China has long window period which leads to high residual risk. The nucleic acid detection （NAT） application can significantly shorten the window period, but the cost is expensive. HCV core antigen is abiomarkerof HCV infection and occurs almost sire uhaneously with HCV RNA. It can apply to HCV detection due to its correlation wilh HCV RNA. Compared with NAT, the costs of HCV core antigen testing are relatively low, and less demanding on the laboratory conditions. There are many commercial detection kits based on different methods. This paper reviews the principle, delection performance and clinical significance of the existing several HCV core antigen detection technologies.