要素异质性与要素禀赋同质化定理——基于三国贸易动态收益的一般均衡模型

Factor Heterogeneity and Theorem of Factor Endowment Homogeneity:Based on General Equilibrium Model of Dynamic Trade Gains of Three Countries

本文从要素异质性概念出发,将要素在形成过程中获得的初始生产力从要素的生产效率中剥离出来,通过比较不同要素的初始生产力水平,揭示要素之间质的差异。给出要素异质性的假定,将发展中国家与发达国家之间的行业间贸易及发达国家之间的行业内贸易纳入一个框架,构建了一个关于三国贸易动态收益的一般均衡模型,推导出要素禀赋同质化定理:充裕要素同质国家的贸易收益均等,而充裕要素异质国家的贸易收益存在差异。该模型系统地解释了三代贸易理论未能解决的贸易收益的国家差异问题,为不同国家贸易效应的解释、政策调整以及预测提供了一个新的理论视角和参照系。在后续的研究中,还可以将企业异质性内生化,进一步推进企业异质性与贸易效应的研究。

This paper discusses the concept of factor heterogeneity and identifies the primary productivity derived from the factor formation process from the overall factor productivity,in a bid to reveal the essential difference between production factors by comparing the primary productivity levels of different factors.Based on the hypothesis of factor heterogeneity,we construct a general equilibrium model involving three countries to study the distinction of dynamic trade gains between developing and developed countries,and that between developed countries.Consequently we derive the theorem of homogeneity of factor endowments：countries with abundant homogeneous factors produce the same amount of gains of trade,while countries with abundant heterogeneous factors acquire different amounts of trade gains.This paper claims contribution by providing a comprehensive fundamental explanation for the existence of the difference in trade gains between countries,which previous international trade studies failed to conduct.Furthermore,we try to provide a new analytic perspective to explain and predict the gains of trade as well as provide policy implications for economically varied countries.In future we will further this study by setting firm productivity heterogeneity as an endogenous factor so as to promote the analysis of the relationship between firm heterogeneity and trade effects.