8-18岁智力障碍儿童空间方位概念的发展

The Development of the Concept of Spatial Orientation for Mentally Retarded Children Aged 8-18

采用动作摆放和言语表达任务,考察智力障碍儿童的空间方位概念发展。结果表明,智力障碍儿童空间方位概念的发展与其年龄、智力发展相联系,具有规律性的变化:中、高年级儿童的发展水平显著高于低年级,中年级是发展的飞跃期;轻度智力障碍儿童的发展水平显著高于中度儿童。智力障碍儿童的各种空间方位概念发展是不均衡的,最先掌握"上下",其次为"里外"和"前后",但在高年级,智力障碍儿童仍未完全掌握"左右"概念。智力障碍儿童理解空间方位概念的能力强,表达空间方位概念的能力弱。在总体上,智力障碍儿童空间方位概念的发展水平远低于普通儿童。

This study aims to explore the development of the concept of spatial orientation from mentally retarded children, by means of the tasks of asking the children surveyed to describe spatial orientation in action and express spatial orientation in words. The results show the following： the development of the concept of spatial orientation from mentally retarded children is associated with the development of their age and intelligence; the children in middle and higher grades show a higher of development than those in lower grades, and those in middle grades demonstrate rapid development; those with mild mental retardation show a significantly higher level of development than those with moderate mental retardation; the mentally retarded children show imbalanced development in their concepts of spatial orientation： they first master the concepts of ＂up/down,＂ followed by the concepts of ＂inside/outside＂ and ＂front/behind,＂ but those in higher grades have not yet mastered the concepts of ＂left/right＂ ; the mentally retarded children display a great ability to understand the concept of spatial orientation rather than the ability to express it. In conclusion, mentally retarded children show a significantly lower level of development of the concept of spatial orientation than normal children.