中小学学困生学习心理发展现状及教育对策研究——以学习适应性测验为依据

The Developments of the Psychology of Learning Among Students with Learning Difficulties in Primary and Secondary Schools:Based on the Academic Adaptability Test

学习心理问题严重影响学生的学习过程和结果,对学困生的影响更是不容忽视。为了解学困生学习心理发展现状,以便对其进行有针对性的干预,本研究使用"学习适应性测验(AAT)"测评了全国不同地区489名中小学学困生,结果发现,中小学学困生学习适应性呈现如下特点:(1)总体水平较低;(2)存在年级差异,小学中年级最差,五年级最好,初中又略有下降;(3)存在性别差异,女生好于男生,在四年级和初一差异最明显;(4)东部显著优于西部;(5)与学习困难筛查量表得分存在正相关。根据这些结果,提出了改善学困生学习心理的教育建议。

The psychology of learning seriously affects the learning progress and performance of students, especially those with learning diflqculties. This study aims to explore the current developments of the psychology of learning of students with learning difficulties so as to conduct corresponding interventions, by using the Academic Adaptability Test （AAT） to survey 489 students with learning difficulties in primary and secondary schools across China. The results show the following： （1） on the whole, the students with learning difficulties surveyed show a low level of learning adaptability; （2） they show grade difference in learning adaptability： the primary school stu- dents in Grade 3 and Grade 4 show the lowest level of learning adaptability, and the primary school students in Grade 5 show the highest level of learning adaptability, but the lower secondary school students show a slightly falling learning adaptability; （3） they show a gender difference in learning adaptability： the girls （especially those in Grade 4 in primary schools and those in Grade 1 in lower secondary schools） show a high level of learning adaptability than the boys; （4） the students from East China show a higher level of learning adaptability than those from West China; （5） there is a significantly positive correlation between the AAT and the PRS （Pupil Rating Scale）. Based on these findings, the authors offer proposals for the improvement of the psychology of learning of students with learning difficulties.