并列和偏正结构双字合成词的注视位置效应

Landing Position Effects of Coordinate and Attributive Structure Compound Words

采用EyeLink II眼动仪,选取并列结构和偏正结构两种类型的目标词,要求大学生被试阅读包含有目标词的句子,以探讨两种双字合成词的注视位置效应。结果发现:在阅读并列和偏正结构的目标词时,单次注视条件下读者往往将首次注视定位于词的中心位置,多次注视时首次注视往往落在词的开端部分;当首次注视落在词的开端时再注视该词的概率增加,而且再注视往往落在词的结尾部分。结果提示:在单次注视条件下存在偏向注视位置;双字合成词结构不影响偏向和最佳注视位置;研究结果支持"战略-战术"模型。

For alphabetic language scripts, the decision about where to move the eyes next during reading is strongly influenced by low-level visual variables such as word length, which is provided by spacing information. In contrast, high-level linguistic variables, such as word frequency and word predictability do not influence where readers move their eyes （Rayner, 2009）. Similar to the alphabetic writing systems, there has been evidence that word frequency and word predictability do not influence initial landing positions during Chinese reading （Wu et al., 2011; Guo, 2012）. However, written Chinese is a kind of ideographic writing system, which differs from alphabetic writing systems in many dimensions. There are different constructions of two-character compound words according to the semantic relationship between the two constituent characters of a compound word, such as coordinate and attributive structure. Some researchers found that the structure of compound words influenced vocabulary recognition processing （Feng, 2003; Gan, 2009; Zhang, 1993）. In this study, two experiments were conducted to explore whether the high-level lexical properties （the semantic relationship between the two constituent characters of a compound word） influenced landing positions. In Experiment 1, we manipulated the constructions of 2-character compound words （coordinate and attributive structure）. In Experiment 2, compound words pairs shared the same first constituent character but different constructions （coordinate or attributive） were used as target words to further investigate the influence on landing positions of compound words＇ constructions. 32 undergraduates were asked to read the experimental sentences which included target words in Experiment 1, and another 28 undergraduates took part in Experiment 2. Their eye movements were recorded by an SR Research EyeLink II eyetracker （sampling rate = 500 Hz） that monitored the position of the right eye every two milliseconds. The results showed that there were different eye movement pattems in different fixation cases. When there was only one fixation on a target word, the first fixation mostly landed on the centre of the word. When there were multiple fixations, readers first fixated at the beginning of the target word. There was a preferred viewing location in single-fixation cases during Chinese reading. In multiple fixation cases, if the first fixation landed at the beginning of a target word, the probability of refixating this word was highest, and refixations tended to land at the end of the word There were similar fixation patterns when readers fixated the target words with different construction of compound words. We argue that Chinese children use the ＂strategy-tactics＂ approach during reading.