潜在冲突情境下7岁儿童的资源获得行为——对中国和加拿大儿童的比较

Children's Resource Acquisition Behaviors in the Situation of Potential Conflict: A Cross-cultural Study of Chinese and Canadian 7 Years Old Children

采用实验室观察,对7岁儿童(中国160人,加拿大133人)在潜在冲突情境下的资源获得行为进行考察,旨在比较中西文化背景下,儿童资源获得行为上的差异及其背后的文化意义。结果表明:中国儿童的求助成人和给予行为显著多于加拿大儿童;加拿大儿童的资源获得失败和为自己获得资源的频率显著高于中国儿童。果敢行为和轮流规则都是有效的资源获得方式;请求行为则是无效的。求助成人是中国男孩获得资源的一种有效方式;对加拿大儿童来说,则是无效的。

Resources are usually limited, how can children acquire resources successfully and avoid conflict with their peer in peer interaction is an interesting and important topic in developmental psychology. It＇s a pity that there is little research on children＇s resource acquisition in either China or other countries. Cross-cultural research is even less. In the present study, we attempted to investigate resource acquisition behaviors of 7-year-old children, and compare the differences between Chinese and Canadian children on these behaviors. One hundred and sixty Chinese children and one hundred and thirty three Canadian children took part in this study. At 7 years old, 4 children who were not familiar with each other were invited to the laboratory, and the child＇s resource acquisition behaviors were observed as they played with a single novel toy. Statistical analyses revealed the following results： （1） Chinese children exhibited more adult seeking and spontaneous giving behaviors than Canadian children. The percentages of unsuccessful resource acquisition behaviors and resource acquisition for self of Canadian children were significantly higher than Chinese children. （2） Boys exhibited more assertive behaviors and turn taking rule behaviors than girls, and girls exhibited more spontaneous giving, leadership/organization and resource acquisition for others than boys. （3） Turn taking rule was an important non-strategy resource acquisition method. （4） Chinese children exhibited more leadership/ organization than Canadian children in group level. （5） Assertive behavior and turn taking rule were all effective resource acquisition method but not for polite verbal request. （7） Adult seeking was an effective method for Chinese boys, but not for girls and Canadian children.