养老保障政策价值对民营企业职工养老生活支持感的影响机制——以生活满意度和收入为调节变量

How Life Satisfaction and Income Moderate the Effects of Endowment Insurance Policy Values on the Retirement Life Support Perceived by Employees in Private Firms

为了探索养老保障政策性因素与非政策性因素对养老生活支持感的共同作用机制,基于养老保障政策在我国实行的独特性,从民营企业职工的视角提出了生活满意度和收入调节影响养老保障政策价值与养老生活支持感之间关系的模型,并在203份调查样本的基础上,通过实证研究和层次回归分析方法对模型进行了检验。结果表明,民营企业职工感知的养老保障政策经济价值、社会价值和政治价值对其养老生活支持感具有显著的积极作用,但是民营企业职工当前的高生活满意度和收入会降低养老保障政策价值对其养老生活支持感的积极影响。因此,养老保障政策价值的提升应该均衡兼顾经济、社会和政治等各方面因素。建立良好的养老保险政策是提高养老生活支持感的必要条件而不是充分条件,养老生活支持感并非单纯由政策性或非政策性因素所决定,而是取决于两类因素的均衡程度。

With the rapid aging of increasingly important. The the population, endowment insurance provided by the government is becoming effect of endowment insurance on retirement life support has also received significant research attention. This study is the first to combine policy and non-policy factors of endowment insurance. Following the characteristics of execution of the endowment insurance policy in our country, a research model of the moderation of the effects of endowment insurance policy values on the perceived retirement life support by improving the life satisfaction and income of employees in private firms is presented. The model was empirically tested based on a survey of 203 respondents from 15 private firms in China. The hierarchical regression results showed that the economic, social, and political values of the endowment insurance policy have direct positive effects on the retirement life support perceived by employees in private firms. Endowment insurance policy has basic functions in the retirement of employees. All of its economic, social, and political values cannot be neglected. To realize the endowment insurance policy value, the economic, social, and political factors should be balanced. The government should not only focus on the increase in size and numbers of the endowment insurance, but also emphasize the coverage, supervision, and share of endowment insurance. The government should also narrow the gap of pension treatment between employees in private firms and those in government and social institutions, so that the endowment insurance can cover all kinds of employees. Not only should the policy execution be followed with interest, but also the entire process of the policy. To meet the requirements of the employees for their retirement life, the improvement of endowment insurance policy should start with the policy design. The mechanism of traced policy execution, controllable policy environment, and circular policy results should also be established. Additionally, the current life satisfaction and income of employees in private firms suppress the positive effects of endowment insurance policy values on the perceived retirement life support, which suggests that fair endowment insurance policy is a prerequisite, but is still not a sufficient condition for retirement life support. By improving the life satisfaction and income of employees in private firms, their current level of satisfaction can also be improved and the pressure imposed by the government on pension payment can be reduced. The perceived retirement life support is not only dependent on the policy or non-policy factors, but also relies on the balance of these two factors. This finding has important implications for the design of long-term portfolios of governance on endowment insurance. Finally, the effects of moderation of life satisfaction and income also indicate the source of the perceived retirement life support, that is, the security before and after retirement. In previous literature, the perceived retirement life support is limited only after retirement and focused on old people. However, our findings suggest that as the reflection of the status after retirement, the endowment insurance policy values have direct effects on the retirement life support for the employees, whereas life satisfaction and income, which represent the status before retirement, moderate the effects of endowment insurance policy on the perceived life support. Therefore, strengthening the support for the retirement life of employees could result in improvement on the quality of life before and after retirement.