控释尿素对黑龙江省玉米氮肥利用率及产量的影响

Effects of Controlled Release Urea on Maize Yield and Apparent N Recovery Rates in Heilongjiang Province

采用田间小区试验方法,设置不同的控释尿素和普通尿素施用量及施用方法,研究控释尿素在黑龙江玉米生产上的施用效果及高效施用技术。结果表明,施用控释尿素玉米的产量均高于普通尿素。与不施氮处理相比,40%普通尿素与60%控释尿素混合一次性基施处理增产68.1%。在100%、75%、50%氮肥用量下,基施控释尿素较基施普通尿素氮肥表观利用率分别增加5.6%、6.2%、9.3%;氮肥农学效率分别提高2.2、4.1和5.1 kg/kg;肥料贡献率提高3.2%、5.1%和5.2%。控释尿素具有较高的生态环境效应,普通尿素与控释尿素混合基施能够在不影响玉米产量的同时省去追肥环节。

Field plot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different application quantities and ap- plying methods of controlled-releases urea（CRU） and bare urea（BU） on maize yield and apparent N recovery rates in Heilongjiang province. The results showed that the yield of CRU treatments was all higher than those of BU. As com- pared with the treatment of no nitrogen fertilization（CK）, the yield of treatments（40% BU ＋ 60% CRU） was increased by 68.10%. Under 100%, 75% and 50% amount of nitrogen application, the apparent efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for the treatment of CRU was increased by 6.45%, 9.05% and 7.60%, respectively than that of BU; the agronomic use efficiency increased by 2.2, 4.1 and 5.l kg/kg, respectively; the contribution rate of fertilizer increased by 3.19%, 5.12% and 5.19%, respectively. The results showed that the controlled-release urea had better ecological and envi- ronmental benefits. CRU and BU application together as basic fertilizer could save the topdressing procedures, and there were no negative effects on the yield.