劳动力产权:理论与现实

Property Right of Labor:Theory and Reality

劳动力产权的界定是法律法规和企业产权博弈的结果。从法学角度而言,劳动力既具有"属物性",又具有"属人性"。劳动力的属物性,要求实行劳动力产权界定的法定主义,以实现其"对世权";劳动力的属人性,要求实行劳动力产权界定的合同自由主义,以实现其"对人权"。对世权要有利于维护劳动者的权益,对人权要有利于促进企业的经济效率,两者的有机结合有利于实现公平与效率的兼顾。我国劳动力产权存在法律法规界定和维护劳动力产权的力度不够、劳资双方产权博弈力量的失衡等突出问题,解决这些问题,有利于增进劳动力产权的保护,促进经济社会可持续发展。

The definition of property right of labor is the result of a game between laws and property rights of enterprises.From the perspective of law,labor has not only physical but also human nature.The physical nature of labor requires implementing the legality of the definition of property right of labor to achieve its 'right in rem';the human nature of labor requires implementing the contract liberalism to achieve its 'right in personam'.Right in rem should be conducive to safeguarding the interests of laborers while right in personam should be conductive to improving the economic efficiency of enterprises.The organic combination of the above two is conducive to the realization of both fairness and efficiency.China's property right of labor has protruding problems,such as inadequate definition of labor laws and regulations and lack of maintenance of property right of labor,imbalance between the game powers of the employers and employees.Solving these problems helps to strengthen the protection of property right of labor and promote the sustainable socio-economic development.