生物炭对污染物的土壤环境行为影响研究进展

Research progresses in the effect of biochar on soil-environmental behaviors of pollutants

近年来,生物炭已成为农业、生态修复和环境保护领域的研究热点。一般认为,生物炭具有改善土壤质量、增加土壤碳汇、减少大气CO2浓度以及修复污染环境等功能。大量的生物炭施用到土壤后会改变土壤性质,影响重金属和有机污染物在土壤中的环境行为以及它们在环境中的归趋。本文就生物炭对土壤中重金属的吸附-解吸、在土壤中的形态转化、在土壤-植物系统中迁移行为、对有机污染物的吸附挥发及生物有效性进行了概述;在此基础上,扼要分析了当前生物炭应用存在的环境风险等问题,并从生物炭在土壤中的迁移转化及其归趋、生物炭的长期环境效应以及生物炭应用方向等方面进行了展望。

In recent years, biochar has become a research hotspot in agriculture, ecological remediation and environmental protection. It is generally believed that biochar can improve the soil quality, increase soil carbon sequestration, reduce atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and remediate the polluted environment. After a large amount of utilization, biochar may change the property of soils and affect environmental behaviors and fate of heavy metals and organic pollu- tants in soil. In this review, the effects of biochar on adsorption-desorption, species transforma- tion, and migration behaviors of heavy metals in soil-plant systems, as well as on adsorption, vol- atilization, other environmental behaviors and bioavailability of organic pollutants were summa- rized. Accordingly, some current problems such as environmental risks of biochar application were analyzed, and future research directions were prospected in terms of transformation and fate, long-term environmental effects and application direction of biochar.