2012年贵州省黔南州度学生法定报告传染病流行特征

Epidemiological characteristics of students' notifiable infectious diseases in Qiannan Prefecure in Guizhou Province in 2012

目的了解贵州省黔南州2012年度学生传染病的流行病学特点，为有效降低学生传染病发病率提供科学依据。方法用描述流行病学方法对2012年《疾病监测信息报告管理系统》报告的黔南州学生法定报告传染病发病资料进行分析。结果2012年贵州省黔南州学生法定报告传染病发病率为67．07／10万，死亡率为0．062／10万，病死率为0．093％，发病数占黔南州全人群传染病数的12．82％。发病居前5位的病种依次为手足口病、流行性腮腺炎、肺结核、痢疾、病毒性肝炎，占发病总数的90．06％。死亡病种为乙脑、狂犬病，各1例，死亡数占全州全人群死亡传染病数的1．27％。全年均有病例报告，2月为全年发病低谷，月发病高峰为5和11月，但是各类传染病有不同的发病高峰季节。2—6岁组发病占学生总病例数的45．43％，但各类传染病发病数高的年龄组不同。结论2012年贵州省黔南州学生法定报告传染病中以呼吸道传染病为主，应加强学校传染病的预防与控制。

[ Objective] To understand the epidemic features students hotifiable infectious diseases in Qiannan Prefecure in Guizhou Province in 2012 , and provide scientific basis for effectively reducing the incidence of infectious diseases. [ Methods ] The 2012 surveillance data of infectious diseases of Qiannan Prefecure students from Disease Reporting Information System were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. [ Results] The morbidity rate among was Qiannan Prefecure students 67.07/ 100 000. The mortality rate was O. 062/100 000 and the fatality rate was 0.093%. The students cases accounted for 12.82% of all cases from the whole popu- lation in Qiannan Prefecture. The top 5 infectious diseases according to the morbidity were HFMD, mumps, tuberculosis, dysentery and viral hepatitis, which accounted for 90.06% of total case. The mortal diseases were rabies and epidemic encephalitis B,with 1 case of each kind. The death cases accounted for 1.27% of all death cases in Qiannan Prefecure. There were cases reported throughout the year and the seasonal peak varied depend on different infectious diseases, It decreased to the lowest in February, the peak incidence was in May and November. The cases of children aged 2-6 accounted for 45.43% of the total cases of students, but the age groups with peak incidence of different infectious disease were not the same. [ Conclusion] The main notifiable infectious diseases among students are respiratory diseases. It is necessary to strengthen prevention and control of infectious diseases in school.