第一代学院新诗批评者:沈从文与苏雪林比较

First Generation of New Poetry Critics in Colleges: Compared with Shen Congwen and Su Xuelin

1930年代,沈从文与苏雪林先后在武汉大学教授新文学研究课程,皆对"五四"时期的代表诗人、诗作和诗集展开分析与批评,呈现了第一代学院新诗批评者的批评特点:沈从文发扬传统的印象式批评方式,将作品置于发生的原初历史中,条分缕析梳理由社会思潮到文学思潮的演变,透析诗集主要特征,指出其诞生的渊源及发展,参照他人的评论,估价作品的历史价值和现实状态,言辞简练含蓄,表达追求艺术性;苏雪林直率大胆,她擅长将研究对象置于中西为经纬的网状文学史体系内,结合作者的诗学观和创作实践,进行富有理性色彩的解析与品读,从美学与文学史角度评价作品。

Shen Congwen and Su Xuelin taught New Literary Research courses successively in Wuhan University in 1930s. Both of them analyzed and criticized the representative poets and their works as well as their collections of poems,indicated the features of the first generation New Poetry critics. Shen Congwen, carried forward the traditional impression--oriented method of criticism, put poems back into its historical context, carded the evolution from social trend of thought to literature trend of thought, scrutinized the main characteristic of collections of poems, pointed out their origins and development, and took others criticism as his reference when assessing the historical value and present state of poems. His language was brief and his expression sought after art quality. In contrast,Su Xuelin was straightforward and courageous. She was good at embedding the research objects into the web system formed by Chinese and Western literature history, interpreting and savoring poems in a way full of rational color from the perspective of aesthetics and literature history. In doing so, she combined authors＇ idea of poetry with their writing practice.