生态整体论的演进逻辑

The Evolutional Logic of Ecological Holism

浪漫主义对大自然的爱的呼唤促成了生态整体思想的萌芽,而群落超级有机体范式则构筑了现代生态学的逻辑起点。它们实现了生态学与机体哲学的融合,并为盖娅理论的产生作了铺垫。但是,由于生态整体论具有浓厚的形而上学色彩,使得它不断遭受来自还原论的质疑:生态系统是否是具有本体论地位的最基本单元,群落的形成是竞争的结果还是随机的组合等。正是整体论与还原论之间的这种相互辩驳、修正使得生态理论呈现出螺旋式的上升与发展。这种逻辑几乎贯穿了生态学历史的全部。尽管它们之间的分歧还没有得到有效解决,但生态思想的逻辑归宿最终只能是多层次的进化整体论。

If the germination of ecological holism was boosted by ethos of Romanticism^s loving nature, the paradigm of superorganismic＂ community would build the logical starting point of modern ecology. They have realized the integration of ecology and organic philosophy, which paved the way for Gaia theory. Due to its strong metaphysical tendency, ecological holism has been suffering criticisms from reductionism, for exam- ple, the question of whether ecosystem as the fundamental unit can possess ontological status, the reason that communities can be explained fully in terms of interspecific competition or random colonization. It was the controversy and correction between holism and reductionism that has made ecology show a spiral progress, which became logical thread of ecology. Although the holism - reductionism dispute has not been effectively resolved, the object ecology attaining eventually will be multi -level evolutionism.