“跨界民族”辨析与“现代泛民族主义”问题

On the Term of “Transnational People”and the Question of “Modern Pan-nationalism”

汉语“民族”一词具有英语ｎａｔｉｏｎ或ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｔｙ的部分含义。政治统一性与地域一体性是“民族”的基本特征，因而“跨界民族”之说是不能成立的。将“民族”与英语中的ｅｔｈｎｉｃｇｒｏｕｐ或ｐｅｏｐｌｅ概念联系起来，是产生“跨界民族”说的根源。ｅｔｈｎｉｃｇｒｏｕｐ是文化人类学概念，ｐｅｏｐｌｅ则是历史学概念，这两个概念不可等同于ｎａｔｉｏｎ和ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｔｙ，因而不可译为“民族”，可考虑分别译为“族群”和“人民”；由此，“跨界民族”亦应改称为“跨界族群”和“跨界人民”。“跨界人民”是一种业已分化的“历史民族”，不再具有现时的民族同一性。现代泛民族主义者试图重建“跨界人民”的统一是不现实的和反历史的。

Minzu in Chinese partly means ＂nation ＂ or＂ a nationality＂ in English. The political unity and regional integration are the basic features of a minzu , therefore, the version of kuajie minzu （thansnational nation or nationality）, which has been produced because of connecting minzu to the concept of ＂ethnic group＂ or ＂people＂ in English, is unacceptable. ＂Ethnic group＂is a concept of cultural anthropology, while＂ people＂ is one of history. They are not equal to the concept of ＂nation＂or＂nationality＂, and can not be translated into minzu in Chinese. So, kuajie minzu can be expressed with the term of kuajie minzu （thansnational ethnic group） or kuajie minzu （ transnational people）. Kuajie minzu is a＂ historical minzu ＂that has become divided today and has lost national identity of the present. The modem pan - nationalists attempt to reconstruct the unity of the ＂transnational pebples＂. It is unrealistic and antihistorical.